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John Ralston Saul
John Ralston Saul, (born June 19, 1947) is a Canadian award-winning, novelist and essayist. He is a long-term champion of freedom of expression and was the International President of PEN International, until October 2015. Saul is the co-founder and co-chair of the non-profit Institute for Canadian Citizenship, a national charity promoting the inclusion of new citizens. His life bridges Canada's arts community and its military and government institution.
As an essayist, Saul is particularly known for his commentaries on the nature of individualism, citizenship and the public good; the failures of manager-led societies;〔Or, more precisely, technocrat-led.〕 the confusion between leadership and managerialism; military strategy, in particular irregular warfare; the role of freedom of speech and culture; and his critique of contemporary economic arguments. His work is known for being thought-provoking and ahead of its time, leading him to be declared a "prophet" by the New York Times and to be included in Utne Reader's list of the world's 100 leading thinkers and visionaries. He is also considered Canada's leading public intellectual having written six books pertaining to the nature of contemporary Canada. Overall, his 14 works have been translated into 27 languages in over 30 countries.
== Biography ==
Saul is the son of Colonel William Saul, a first-generation soldier, and a British war bride whose family had a long tradition of military service. His life, from the begininng, took place in a national context. Born in Ottawa, and christened in Calgary, he spent his infancy in Alberta, much of his childhood in Manitoba but graduate highschool in Oakville, Ontario. At a young age he became fluent in both national languages, French and English. By the time he started university in McGuill, Montreal, his father was working in Paris and Brussels as a military adviser to the Canadian ambassador to NATO. After completing his undergraduate Saul was accepted into the foreign service and appeared destined for a life of diligent diplomacy. But his father's sudden death in 1968 changed his course of action and Saul chose to attend King's College London where he wrote his thesis on the modernization of France under Charles de Gaulle, and earned his Ph.D in 1972. His doctoral thesis, "The Evolution of Civil-Military Relations in France after the Algerian War," led him to France for research where he began writing his first novel ''Mort d'un général.'' In France, he supported himself by running the french subsidiary of a British investment company.This book was the romanticised version of his thesis on DeGaulle's Chief of staff, General Charles Ailleret.
After helping to set up the national oil company Petro-Canada in 1976, as Assistant to its first Chair, Maurice F. Strong, he published his first novel ''The Birds of Prey'' in 1977. Strong later characterized Saul as "an invaluable, though unconventional, member of my personal staff." Through the late 1970s and 1980s, he travelled extensively and regularly spent time with guerrilla armies, spending a great deal of time in North Africa and South East Asia. Out of this time came his novels, ''The Field Trilogy''. It was during those extended periods in Northwest Africa and Southeast Asia that he witnessed fellow writers there suffering government suppression of freedom of expression, which caused him to become interested in the work of PEN International. In 2009 he was elected president of PEN and was re-elected for a second and last term in 2012, remaining International President until October 2015.
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